2、 对象不同
由于国内工业控制系统信息安全背景的变化，该《指南》的发布对象与451号文比较，所面向的目标更精准，从各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院有关部门明确到地方工业和信息化主管部门，从大型国有企业扩展到所有工业控制系统的应用企业，并且提到从事工业控制系统规划、设计、建设、运维、评估的企事业单位也适用该《指南》，从主管单位、到工业企业、到服务组织都需要以该《指南》作为指导。
3、 目的不同
印发《指南》的通知中明确了工业和信息化部指导和管理全国工业企业工控安全防护和保障工作的职责，以管理和技术防护指南的形式，要求各地工业和信息主管部门指导工业企业制定工控安全防护实施方案，推动企业分期分批达到该指南相关要求，从而提升国内工控安全整体防护水平。而451文在当时的背景下，以通知的形式呼吁政府和大型国企要高度重视，增强风险意识、责任意识和紧迫感，切实加强工业控制系统信息安全管理。
4、 内容不同
在具体的条款内容上，《指南》与451号文比较，在技术的深入性、业务的兼容性方面更全面、更具体、更可操作。
《指南》与451号文在管理和技术内容方面的对比
指南451号文
安全软件选择与管理设备选择与升级管理要求
配置和补丁管理设备选择与升级管理要求
边界安全防护连接管理要求
组网管理要求
物理和环境安全防护
身份认证配置管理要求
远程访问安全
安全监测和应急预案演练应急管理要求
资产安全
数据安全数据管理要求
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