dcs和plc的设计原理区别较大，plc是由继电器控制原理发展起来的，它以存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和运算等操作的指令；并通过数字输入和输出操作，来控
制各类机械或生产过程。用户编制的控制程序表达了生产过程的工艺要求，并事先存入plc的用户程序存储器中。运行时按存储程序的内容逐条执行，以完成工艺流程要求的操作。plc的cpu内有指示程序步存储地址的程序计数器，在程序运行过程中，执行一步该计数器自动加1，程序从起始步（步序号为零）起依次执行到最终步（通常为end指令），然后再返回起始步循环运算。plc每完成一次循环操作所需的时间称为一个扫描周期。不同型号的plc，循环扫描周期在1微秒到几十微秒之间。程序计数器这样的循环操作，这是dcs所没有的。这也是使plc的冗余不如dcs的原因。dcs是在运算放大器的基础上得以发展的。把所有的函数和过程变量之间的关系都做成功能块（有的dcs系统称为膨化块）。dcs和plc的表现的主要差别是在开关量的逻辑解算和模拟量的运算上，即使后来两者相互有些渗透，但是还是有区别。80年代以后，plc除逻辑运算外，控制回路用的算法功能已经大大加强，但 plc用梯形图编程，模拟量的运算在编程时不太直观，编程比较麻烦。但在解算逻辑方面，表现出快速的优点，在微秒量级，解算1k逻辑程序不到1毫秒。它把所有的输入都当成开关量来处理，16位（也有32位的）为一个模拟量。而dcs把所有输入都当成模拟量，1位就是开关量。解算一个逻辑是在几百微秒至几毫秒量级。对于plc解算一个pid运算在几十毫秒，这与dcs的运算时间不相上下。
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